Though most Americans have a substantial amount of "digital property" or "digital assets" (such as email accounts, social media accounts, and blogs), federal legislation regarding digital property does not yet exist. Most states rely on the particular terms of service or privacy policy of the service that manages the asset (such as Gmail, Facebook, or Tumblr) to determine what should be done with the particular asset when the owner dies.
That said, some states have stepped in to create laws that will protect people's digital assets and give the person's family the right to access and manage those accounts after the owner has died. If your state is not listed below, that means that your state has not yet passed laws to address these issues. As always, it's a good idea to consult a licensed estate attorney in your state to get a better sense of your state's laws, and how you can create a digital estate plan in your state.
Contents
- 0.1 Alabama
- 0.2 Alaska
- 0.3 Arizona
- 0.4 Arkansas
- 0.5 California
- 0.6 Colorado
- 0.7 Connecticut
- 0.8 Delaware
- 0.9 District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)
- 0.10 Florida
- 0.11 Georgia
- 0.12 Hawaii
- 0.13 Idaho
- 0.14 Illinois
- 0.15 Indiana
- 0.16 Iowa
- 0.17 Kansas
- 0.18 Kentucky
- 0.19 Louisiana
- 0.20 Maine
- 0.21 Maryland
- 0.22 Massachusetts
- 0.23 Michigan
- 0.24 Minnesota
- 0.25 Mississippi
- 0.26 Missouri
- 0.27 Montana
- 0.28 Nebraska
- 0.29 Nevada
- 0.30 New Hampshire
- 0.31 New Jersey
- 0.32 New Mexico
- 0.33 New York
- 0.34 North Carolina
- 0.35 North Dakota
- 0.36 Ohio
- 0.37 Oklahoma
- 0.38 Oregon
- 0.39 Pennsylvania
- 0.40 Rhode Island
- 0.41 South Carolina
- 0.42 South Dakota
- 0.43 Tennessee
- 0.44 Texas
- 0.45 Utah
- 0.46 Vermont
- 0.47 Virginia
- 0.48 Washington
- 0.49 West Virginia
- 0.50 Wisconsin
- 0.51 Wyoming
- 1 Comments
- 1.1 Alabama
- 1.2 Alaska
- 1.3 Arizona
- 1.4 Arkansas
- 1.5 California
- 1.6 Colorado
- 1.7 Connecticut
- 1.8 Delaware
- 1.9 District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)
- 1.10 Florida
- 1.11 Georgia
- 1.12 Hawaii
- 1.13 Idaho
- 1.14 Illinois
- 1.15 Indiana
- 1.16 Iowa
- 1.17 Kansas
- 1.18 Kentucky
- 1.19 Louisiana
- 1.20 Maine
- 1.21 Maryland
- 1.22 Massachusetts
- 1.23 Michigan
- 1.24 Minnesota
- 1.25 Mississippi
- 1.26 Missouri
- 1.27 Montana
- 1.28 Nebraska
- 1.29 Nevada
- 1.30 New Hampshire
- 1.31 New Jersey
- 1.32 New Mexico
- 1.33 New York
- 1.34 North Carolina
- 1.35 North Dakota
- 1.36 Ohio
- 1.37 Oklahoma
- 1.38 Oregon
- 1.39 Pennsylvania
- 1.40 Rhode Island
- 1.41 South Carolina
- 1.42 South Dakota
- 1.43 Tennessee
- 1.44 Texas
- 1.45 Utah
- 1.46 Vermont
- 1.47 Virginia
- 1.48 Washington
- 1.49 West Virginia
- 1.50 Wisconsin
- 1.51 Wyoming
Alabama
No legislation.
Alaska
No legislation.
Arizona
No legislation.
Arkansas
No legislation.
California
No legislation.
Colorado
No legislation.
Connecticut
Law: SB 262 Public Act No. 05-136
Description: Executors may access email accounts. The state requires a death certificate and documentation of the executor’s appointment before the estate’s representative can see the deceased person’s emails or social networking accounts.
Effective October 1, 2005
Delaware
Law: Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets and Digital Accounts Act - House Bill # 345 w/HA 1 + SA 1
Description: Upon written request, "fiduciaries" (i.e. Power of Attorney, Executor, Trustee, otherwise authorized individual) are granted access and control of the digital assets and digital accounts of an incapacitated or deceased person. This includes every digital asset currently in existence (email, social media accounts, online shopping, photos, videos, etc...) and ones that have yet to be invented. Once the digital service provider ("custodian") receives a written request along with certified proof (letter of testamentary or administration, court order, Power of Attorney form, Trust instrument) they must provide access to transfer, copy, or destroy the account.
Status: Passed June 30, 2014; Effective January 1, 2015
(Click here for the full text of the Bill)
District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)
No legislation.
Florida
No legislation.
Georgia
No legislation.
Hawaii
No legislation.
Idaho
Law: SB 1044
Description: Executors may access email accounts, social networking accounts, blogging and micro-blogging accounts, and short message services (text messages). A will or court order can restrict access to accounts.
Status: Effective July 1, 2011
Illinois
No legislation.
Indiana
Law: Indiana Code 29-1-13 (SB 0212, 2007)
Description: Executors may access email accounts, social networking accounts, blogging and micro-blogging accounts, and short message services (text messages). The state requires a death certificate and documentation of the executor’s appointment before the estate’s representative can see the deceased person’s emails or social networking accounts.
Status: Effective July 1, 2007
Iowa
No legislation.
Kansas
No legislation.
Kentucky
No legislation.
Louisiana
No legislation.
Maine
Proposed law: LD 850 (HP 601)
Description: To Study the Issue of Inheritance of Digital Assets
Date introduced: March 5, 2013
Status: Passed May 21, 2013
Note: LD 850 (HP 601) is not a law governing estate administration. LD 850 (HP 601) is to study the issues involved in digital assets. To see the full text of the proposal, click here.
Maryland
Proposed law: SB 0029: Estates and Trusts - Personal Representative - Administration of Internet-Based Accounts
Description: Authorizing a personal representative to take control of, conduct, continue, or terminate an account of a decedent on a social networking Web site, micro-blogging or short message service website, or electronic mail service website.
Date introduced: September 14, 2012
Status: Received Unfavorable Report by Judicial Proceedings on February 18, 2013
Full text: Click here for full text of the proposed Maryland law
Massachusetts
No legislation.
Michigan
Proposed law: HB 5929
Description: Probate; wills and estates; personal representative; give power to control the online mail, social media, and similar accounts of the deceased. Amends 1998 PA 386 (MCL 700.1101 - 700.8206) by adding sec. 3723.
Date introduced: September 20, 2012
Status: Unknown
Full text: Click here for full text of the proposed Michigan law
Minnesota
No legislation.
Mississippi
No legislation.
Missouri
No legislation.
Montana
No legislation.
Nebraska
Proposed law: LB 783
Description: This bill provides the personal representative of a deceased individual the power to take control of or terminate any accounts or message services that are considered digital assets. The power can be limited by will or court order.
Date introduced: January 5, 2012
Status: Indefinitely postponed as of April 18, 2012
Full text: Click here for full text of the proposed Nebraska law
Nevada
Law: SB 131
Description: Establishes provisions governing the termination of a decedent's accounts on electronic mail, social networking, messaging and other web-based services.
Date introduced: February 18, 2013
Status: Approved June 1, 2013. Effective October 1, 2013
Full text: Click here for full text of the Nevada law
New Hampshire
Proposed law: HB 0116
Description: An act relative to the powers of an executor or administrator to take control of a decedent’s social networking websites.
Date introduced: January 3, 2013
Status: Tabled as of January 30, 2013
Full text: Click here for full text of the proposed New Hampshire law
New Jersey
Proposed law: A2943
Description: Authorizes executor or administrator to take control of online accounts of deceased person.
Date introduced: May 14, 2012
Status: Passed by the Assembly June 21, 2012. Received in the Senate, Referred to Senate Commerce Committee June 25, 2012
Full text: Click here for full text of the proposed New Jersey law
New Mexico
No legislation.
New York
Proposed law: A823-2013
Description: Provides access to a decedent's electronic mail, social networking and/or micro-blogging accounts to the executor or administrator of the decedent's estate
Date introduced: January 9, 2013
Status: Unknown
Full text: Click here for full text of the proposed New York law
North Carolina
Law: SB 279 - S.L. 2013-91
Description: To access, take control of, handle, conduct, continue, distribute, dispose of, or terminate any digital assets, as defined in G.S. 28A-13-11(d)(3), and digital accounts, as defined in G.S. 28A-13-11(d)(2), owned by the decedent at death.
Date introduced: March 12, 2013
Status: The proposal for digital accounts was removed from the final version of the law, which was signed by the Governor on June 12, 2013.
Full text: Click here for full text of the North Carolina law
North Dakota
Proposed law: HB 1455
Description: A bill for an act to create and enact a new chapter to title 34 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to internet accounts and workplace privacy of social media accounts.
Date introduced: January 21, 2013
Status: Failed April 9, 2013
Full text: Click here for full text of the North Dakota law
Ohio
No legislation.
Oklahoma
Name of law: HB 2800
Description: An act relating to probate procedure; authorizing an executor or administrator to have control of certain social networking, micro-blogging or e-mail accounts of the deceased; providing for codification; and providing an effective date. Allows provisions in a will or a formal order to control access.
Status: Effective November 1, 2010
Full text of law: Click here for full text of the Oklahoma law
Oregon
Proposed law: SB 54
Description: Defines "digital accounts" and "digital assets" for purposes of administration of estates and trusts. Requires custodian of digital accounts and digital assets to transfer, deliver or provide access to accounts or electronic copies of assets to personal representative, conservator or settlor upon written request.
Date introduced: January 14, 2013
Status: In Senate Committee
Full text: Click here for full text of the proposed Oregon law
Pennsylvania
Proposed law: HB 2580
Description: An act amending Title 20 (Decedents, Estates and Fiduciaries) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, in administration and personal representatives, providing for power over decedent account on social networking website, micro-blogging or short message service website or e-mail service website.
Date introduced: August 23, 2012
Status: Unknown
Full text: Click here for full text of the proposed Pennsylvania law
Rhode Island
Law: Title 33: Probate practice and procedure, Chapter 33-27: Access to Decedents' Electronic Mail Accounts Act, Section 33-27-3
Description: Executors may access email accounts. The state may require a death certificate and documentation of the executor’s appointment before the estate’s representative can see the deceased person’s emails or social networking accounts.
Status: Effective May 1, 2007
South Carolina
No legislation.
South Dakota
No legislation.
Tennessee
No legislation.
Texas
No legislation.
Utah
No legislation.
Vermont
No legislation.
Virginia
Proposed law: SB 914
Description: Fiduciary access to digital assets. Enables a fiduciary to gain access to the digital accounts and digital assets of the person or estate to whom he owes a fiduciary duty upon making a written request to the custodian of the digital accounts and digitals assets and submitting proof of the fiduciary relationship.
Date introduced: January 7, 2013
Status: Unknown
Full text: Click here for full text of the proposed Virginia law
Washington
No legislation.
West Virginia
No legislation.
Wisconsin
No legislation.
Wyoming
No legislation.
Digital estate planing and digital asset legislation is developing and changing very quickly. Though we make every effort to keep this list as up-to-date as possible, there may be information that is not current. Always consult a licensed estate attorney in your state to learn more about your state's laws.
Comments
Click here to view original web page at www.everplans.com
Though most Americans have a substantial amount of “digital property” or “digital assets” (such as email accounts, social media accounts, and blogs), federal legislation regarding digital property does not yet exist. Most states rely on the particular terms of service or privacy policy of the service that manages the asset (such as Gmail, Facebook, or Tumblr) to determine what should be done with the particular asset when the owner dies.
That said, some states have stepped in to create laws that will protect people’s digital assets and give the person’s family the right to access and manage those accounts after the owner has died. If your state is not listed below, that means that your state has not yet passed laws to address these issues. As always, it’s a good idea to consult a licensed estate attorney in your state to get a better sense of your state’s laws, and how you can create a digital estate plan in your state.
Alabama
No legislation.
Alaska
No legislation.
Arizona
No legislation.
Arkansas
No legislation.
California
No legislation.
Colorado
No legislation.
Connecticut
Law: SB 262 Public Act No. 05-136
Description: Executors may access email accounts. The state requires a death certificate and documentation of the executor’s appointment before the estate’s representative can see the deceased person’s emails or social networking accounts.
Effective October 1, 2005
Delaware
Law: Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets and Digital Accounts Act – House Bill # 345 w/HA 1 + SA 1
Description: Upon written request, “fiduciaries” (i.e. Power of Attorney, Executor, Trustee, otherwise authorized individual) are granted access and control of the digital assets and digital accounts of an incapacitated or deceased person. This includes every digital asset currently in existence (email, social media accounts, online shopping, photos, videos, etc…) and ones that have yet to be invented. Once the digital service provider (“custodian”) receives a written request along with certified proof (letter of testamentary or administration, court order, Power of Attorney form, Trust instrument) they must provide access to transfer, copy, or destroy the account.
Status: Passed June 30, 2014; Effective January 1, 2015
(Click here for the full text of the Bill)
District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)
No legislation.
Florida
No legislation.
Georgia
No legislation.
Hawaii
No legislation.
Idaho
Law: SB 1044
Description: Executors may access email accounts, social networking accounts, blogging and micro-blogging accounts, and short message services (text messages). A will or court order can restrict access to accounts.
Status: Effective July 1, 2011
Illinois
No legislation.
Indiana
Law: Indiana Code 29-1-13 (SB 0212, 2007)
Description: Executors may access email accounts, social networking accounts, blogging and micro-blogging accounts, and short message services (text messages). The state requires a death certificate and documentation of the executor’s appointment before the estate’s representative can see the deceased person’s emails or social networking accounts.
Status: Effective July 1, 2007
Iowa
No legislation.
Kansas
No legislation.
Kentucky
No legislation.
Louisiana
No legislation.
Maine
Proposed law: LD 850 (HP 601)
Description: To Study the Issue of Inheritance of Digital Assets
Date introduced: March 5, 2013
Status: Passed May 21, 2013
Note: LD 850 (HP 601) is not a law governing estate administration. LD 850 (HP 601) is to study the issues involved in digital assets. To see the full text of the proposal, click here.
Maryland
Proposed law: SB 0029: Estates and Trusts – Personal Representative – Administration of Internet-Based Accounts
Description: Authorizing a personal representative to take control of, conduct, continue, or terminate an account of a decedent on a social networking Web site, micro-blogging or short message service website, or electronic mail service website.
Date introduced: September 14, 2012
Status: Received Unfavorable Report by Judicial Proceedings on February 18, 2013
Full text: Click here for full text of the proposed Maryland law
Massachusetts
No legislation.
Michigan
Proposed law: HB 5929
Description: Probate; wills and estates; personal representative; give power to control the online mail, social media, and similar accounts of the deceased. Amends 1998 PA 386 (MCL 700.1101 – 700.8206) by adding sec. 3723.
Date introduced: September 20, 2012
Status: Unknown
Full text: Click here for full text of the proposed Michigan law
Minnesota
No legislation.
Mississippi
No legislation.
Missouri
No legislation.
Montana
No legislation.
Nebraska
Proposed law: LB 783
Description: This bill provides the personal representative of a deceased individual the power to take control of or terminate any accounts or message services that are considered digital assets. The power can be limited by will or court order.
Date introduced: January 5, 2012
Status: Indefinitely postponed as of April 18, 2012
Full text: Click here for full text of the proposed Nebraska law
Nevada
Law: SB 131
Description: Establishes provisions governing the termination of a decedent’s accounts on electronic mail, social networking, messaging and other web-based services.
Date introduced: February 18, 2013
Status: Approved June 1, 2013. Effective October 1, 2013
Full text: Click here for full text of the Nevada law
New Hampshire
Proposed law: HB 0116
Description: An act relative to the powers of an executor or administrator to take control of a decedent’s social networking websites.
Date introduced: January 3, 2013
Status: Tabled as of January 30, 2013
Full text: Click here for full text of the proposed New Hampshire law
New Jersey
Proposed law: A2943
Description: Authorizes executor or administrator to take control of online accounts of deceased person.
Date introduced: May 14, 2012
Status: Passed by the Assembly June 21, 2012. Received in the Senate, Referred to Senate Commerce Committee June 25, 2012
Full text: Click here for full text of the proposed New Jersey law
New Mexico
No legislation.
New York
Proposed law: A823-2013
Description: Provides access to a decedent’s electronic mail, social networking and/or micro-blogging accounts to the executor or administrator of the decedent’s estate
Date introduced: January 9, 2013
Status: Unknown
Full text: Click here for full text of the proposed New York law
North Carolina
Law: SB 279 – S.L. 2013-91
Description: To access, take control of, handle, conduct, continue, distribute, dispose of, or terminate any digital assets, as defined in G.S. 28A-13-11(d)(3), and digital accounts, as defined in G.S. 28A-13-11(d)(2), owned by the decedent at death.
Date introduced: March 12, 2013
Status: The proposal for digital accounts was removed from the final version of the law, which was signed by the Governor on June 12, 2013.
Full text: Click here for full text of the North Carolina law
North Dakota
Proposed law: HB 1455
Description: A bill for an act to create and enact a new chapter to title 34 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to internet accounts and workplace privacy of social media accounts.
Date introduced: January 21, 2013
Status: Failed April 9, 2013
Full text: Click here for full text of the North Dakota law
Ohio
No legislation.
Oklahoma
Name of law: HB 2800
Description: An act relating to probate procedure; authorizing an executor or administrator to have control of certain social networking, micro-blogging or e-mail accounts of the deceased; providing for codification; and providing an effective date. Allows provisions in a will or a formal order to control access.
Status: Effective November 1, 2010
Full text of law: Click here for full text of the Oklahoma law
Oregon
Proposed law: SB 54
Description: Defines “digital accounts” and “digital assets” for purposes of administration of estates and trusts. Requires custodian of digital accounts and digital assets to transfer, deliver or provide access to accounts or electronic copies of assets to personal representative, conservator or settlor upon written request.
Date introduced: January 14, 2013
Status: In Senate Committee
Full text: Click here for full text of the proposed Oregon law
Pennsylvania
Proposed law: HB 2580
Description: An act amending Title 20 (Decedents, Estates and Fiduciaries) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, in administration and personal representatives, providing for power over decedent account on social networking website, micro-blogging or short message service website or e-mail service website.
Date introduced: August 23, 2012
Status: Unknown
Full text: Click here for full text of the proposed Pennsylvania law
Rhode Island
Law: Title 33: Probate practice and procedure, Chapter 33-27: Access to Decedents’ Electronic Mail Accounts Act, Section 33-27-3
Description: Executors may access email accounts. The state may require a death certificate and documentation of the executor’s appointment before the estate’s representative can see the deceased person’s emails or social networking accounts.
Status: Effective May 1, 2007
South Carolina
No legislation.
South Dakota
No legislation.
Tennessee
No legislation.
Texas
No legislation.
Utah
No legislation.
Vermont
No legislation.
Virginia
Proposed law: SB 914
Description: Fiduciary access to digital assets. Enables a fiduciary to gain access to the digital accounts and digital assets of the person or estate to whom he owes a fiduciary duty upon making a written request to the custodian of the digital accounts and digitals assets and submitting proof of the fiduciary relationship.
Date introduced: January 7, 2013
Status: Unknown
Full text: Click here for full text of the proposed Virginia law
Washington
No legislation.
West Virginia
No legislation.
Wisconsin
No legislation.
Wyoming
No legislation.
Digital estate planing and digital asset legislation is developing and changing very quickly. Though we make every effort to keep this list as up-to-date as possible, there may be information that is not current. Always consult a licensed estate attorney in your state to learn more about your state’s laws.
